Cisco Packet Tracer 8.x tutorials
BGP in Packet Tracer
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. It is described as a path vector protocol, as BGP does not use traditional IGP (OSPF, EIGRP, RIP) metrics, but makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, and/or rulesets. It maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS).
BGP protocol support in Packet Tracer allows Cisco CCNP Route students to better understand this complex routing protocol and to be prepared for the simulation questions in the exam.
Internal BGP (iBGP) is currently not supported in Packet Tracer (see screenshot below). iBGP support has still not been added in the new Packet Tracer 8.2.2 version
Tutorial description
This tutorial will guide you for advanced voip configuration in Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2 network simulation software. Based on the Cisco's Hierarchical Network Design Model, this simulated network has voip call routing features enabled between two campus buildings with network services (DNS, DHCP ...) centralized in the datacenter.
In a real world environment, the CUCME router would also be located in the datacenter. However, Packet Tracer doesn't seems to support this configuration as IP phones don't register and receive a valid phone number.
Network diagram
What is HSRP ?
HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a redundancy protocol for setting up a fault-tolerant default gateway in a LAN environment. This is a Cisco proprietary protocol. The standard protocol is VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
The primary router with the highest configured priority operates as a virtual router with a virtual gateway IP address. It responds to the ARP request from PC or servers connected to the LAN with the MAC address 0000.0c07.acXX where XX is the HSRP group ID (converted to an hexadecimal value). If the primary router should fail, the Cisco router with the next-highest priority available in the LAN segment would take over the gateway IP address and answer ARP requests with the same mac address, thus achieving transparent default gateway fail-over.
HSRP version 2 has been supported since Cisco Packet Tracer 7.2.1
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), standardized as 802.1AB, is a standardized network discovery protocol aimed to replace a wide variety of propietary protoclos such as Cisco CDP, Nortel discovery protocol, ... It helps network administrators to identify the neighbors devices (including remote ports) of the device they are configuring. As a link-layer protocol, LLDP works without needing a valid IP configuration on the devices.
What is Precision Time Protocol (PTP) ?
Precision Time Protocol (P2P) is a feature of Packet Tracer 8.2 available in IE2000 industrial switches.
This time synchronization protocol is defined in IEEE-1588 as Precision Clock Synchronization for Networked Measurements and Control Systems, and was developed to synchronize the clocks in networks devices that include distributed device clocks with various levels of precision and stability. Acurate time synchronization is vital for smart grid power automation applications such as virtual power generators and peak-hour billing, but also for network outage monitoring tools which require a high level of time accuracy and stability.
PTP configuration in Packet Tracer 8.2
Precision Time protocol can be simulated in Packet Tracer 8.2 using IE2000 switches. These switches features three PTP modes :
- boundary
- end-to-end transparent
- forward.
Switch(config)#ptp mode ?
boundary Boundary Clock mode
e2etransparent End-to-End Transparent Clock mode
forward Forward packets without processing
1.Configure PTP using the following commands
Switch(config)#ptp mode boundary
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/1
Switch(config-if)#ptp enable 2. Verify PTP global configuration using the show ptp clock command
Switch#show ptp clock
PTP CLOCK INFO
PTP Device Type: Boundary clock
PTP Device Profile: Default Profile
Clock Identity: 0x00:50:0F:FF:FE:0A:9D:00
Clock Domain: 0
Number of PTP ports: 10
Priority1: 128
Priority2: 128
Clock Quality:
Class: 248
Accuracy: Unknown
Offset (log variance): N/A
Offset From Master(ns): 0
Mean Path Delay(ns): 0
Steps Removed: 0
Local clock time: 01:51:07 UTC mars 30 2011
3. Verify the fastethernet 1.1 configuration using the show ptp port IOS command to make sure PTP clock is forwarded on the network interface.
Switch#show ptp port
PTP PORT DATASET: FastEthernet1/1
Port identity: clock identity: 0x00:50:0F:FF:FE:0A:9D:00
Port identity: port number: 1
PTP version: 2
Port state: MASTER
Delay request interval(log mean): 5
Announce receipt time out: 3
Announce interval(log mean): 1
Sync interval(log mean): 0
Delay Mechanism: End to End
Peer delay request interval(log mean): 0
Sync fault limit: 500000000